708 860
[71]
Zaffuto E, Gandaglia G, Fossati N, et al. Early post-operative radiotherapy is associated with worse functional outcomes in prostate cancer patients. J Urol 2017;197:669–75.[72]
Abdel-Wahab M, Reis IM, Wu J, Duncan R. Second primary cancer risk of radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: an analysis of SEER data. Urology 2009;74:866–71.
[73]
Ciezki JP, Reddy CA, Angermeier K. Twenty-year competing risk analysis of secondary malignancies after external beam radiation for postoperative treatment of prostate cancer patients from the SEER database. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;84:S14–6.[74]
Singh AK, Mashtare TL, McCloskey SA, Seixas-Mikelus SA, Kim HL, May KS. Increasing age and treatment modality are predictors for subsequent diagnosis of bladder cancer following prostate cancer diagnosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;78:1086–94.
[75]
Imnadze M, Sjoberg DD, Vickers AJ. Adverse pathologic features at radical prostatectomy: effect of preoperative risk on oncologic outcomes. Eur Urol 2016;69:143–8.[76]
Reese AC, Wessel SR, Fisher SG, Mydlo JH. Evidence of prostate cancer ‘‘reverse stage migration’’ toward more advanced disease at diagnosis: Data from the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. Urol Oncol 2016;34:335.e21-8.[77]
Boorjian SA, Eastham JA, Graefen M, et al. A critical analysis of the long-term impact of radical prostatectomy on cancer control and function outcomes. Eur Urol 2012;61:664–75.
[78]
Swanson GP, Hussey MA, Tangen CM, et al. Predominant treat- ment failure in postprostatectomy patients is local: analysis of patterns of treatment failure in SWOG 8794. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:2225–9.[79]
Nini A, Gandaglia G, Fossati N, et al. Patterns of clinical recurrence of node-positive prostate cancer and impact on long-term surviv- al. Eur Urol 2015;68:777–84.
[80]
van Leeuwen PJ, Stricker P, Hruby G, et al. (68) Ga-PSMA has a high detection rate of prostate cancer recurrence outside the prostatic fossa in patients being considered for salvage radiation treatment. BJU Int 2016;117:732–9.
[81]
Meijer HJ, van Lin EN, Debats OA, et al. High occurrence of aberrant lymph node spread on magnetic resonance lymphography in pros- tate cancer patients with a biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;82:1405–10.[82]
Thompson IM, Valicenti RK, Albertsen P, et al. Adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after prostatectomy: AUA/ASTRO Guideline. J Urol 2013;190(2):441–9.
[83]
Bolla M, van Poppel H, Collette L, et al. Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: a randomised controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911). Lancet 2005;366:572–8.[84]
Wiegel T, Bartkowiak D, Bottke D, et al. Prostate-specific antigen persistence after radical prostatectomy as a predictive factor of clinical relapse-free survival and overall survival: 10-year data of the ARO 96-02 trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015;91: 288–94.[85]
Daly T, Hickey BE, Lehman M, Francis DP, See AM. Adjuvant radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;12:CD007234.
[86]
Stephenson AJ, Bolla M, Briganti A, et al. Postoperative radiation therapy for pathologically advanced prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2012;61:443–51.[87]
Moinpour CM, Hayden KA, Unger JM, et al. Health-related quality of life results in pathologic stage C prostate cancer from a South- west Oncology Group trial comparing radical prostatectomy alone with radical prostatectomy plus radiation therapy. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:112–20.
[88]
Thompson Jr IM, Tangen CM, Paradelo J, et al. Adjuvant radiother- apy for pathologically advanced prostate cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2006;296:2329–35.[89]
Briganti A, Karnes JR, Da Pozzo LF, et al. Two positive nodes represent a significant cut-off value for cancer specific survival in patients with node positive prostate cancer. A new proposal based on a two-institution experience on 703 consecutive N+ patients treatedwith radical prostatectomy, extended pelvic lymph node dissection and adjuvant therapy. Eur Urol 2009;55:261–70.[90]
Touijer KA, Mazzola CR, Sjoberg DD, Scardino PT, Eastham JA. Long-term outcomes of patients with lymph node metastasis treated with radical prostatectomy without adjuvant androgen- deprivation therapy. Eur Urol 2014;65:20–5.[91]
Gandaglia G, Trinh QD, Hu JC, et al. The impact of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy on the use and extent of pelvic lymph node dissection in the ‘‘post-dissemination’’ period. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014;40:1080–6.
[92]
Rexer H, Bartkowiak D. Adjuvant radiotherapy in lymph-node- positive prostate cancer with low tumor burden after radical prostatectomy: multicenter randomized phase III trial on the effect of adjuvant radio therapy in patients with prostate cancer with or without positive margins after radical prostatectomy (RP) and lymph node metastasis with low tumor burden (microme- tastases, < /=2 lymph node macrometastases). ART-2 trial AP 61/ 11 of the AUO. Urologe A 2015;54:871–4.
[93]
Kane CJ, Amling CL, Johnstone PA, et al. Limited value of bone scintigraphy and computed tomography in assessing biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy. Urology 2003;61:607–11.[94]
Treglia G, Ceriani L, Sadeghi R, Giovacchini G, Giovanella L. Rela- tionship between prostate-specific antigen kinetics and detection rate of radiolabelled choline PET/CT in restaging prostate cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014;52:725–33.
[95]
Meredith G, Wong D, Yaxley J, et al. The use of 68 Ga-PSMA PET CT in men with biochemical recurrence after definitive treatment of acinar prostate cancer. BJU Int 2016;118(Suppl3):39–55.[96]
Stephenson AJ, Scardino PT, Kattan MW, et al. Predicting the outcome of salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:2035–41.
[97]
King CR. The timing of salvage radiotherapy after radical prosta- tectomy: a systematic review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 84:104–11.
[98]
Den RB, Feng FY, Showalter TN, et al. Genomic prostate cancer classifier predicts biochemical failure and metastases in patients after postoperative radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014;89:1038–46.[99]
Freedland SJ, Choeurng V, Howard L, et al. Utilization of a genomic classifier for prediction of metastasis following salvage radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2016;70:588–96.
[100] RADICALS. Radiotherapy and androgen deprivation in combina-
tion after local surgery.
http://www.radicals-trial.org/ .[101] ANZCTR. Radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy -
Adjuvant Versus Early Salvage.
https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/ Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=83910.
[102]
Zietman AL, DeSilvio ML, Slater JD, et al. Comparison of conven- tional-dose vs high-dose conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a randomized con- trolled trial. JAMA 2005;294:1233–9.
[103]
Cozzarini C, Montorsi F, Fiorino C, et al. Need for high radiation dose ( 70 gy) in early postoperative irradiation after radical prostatec- tomy: a single-institution analysis of 334 high-risk, node-negative patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;75:966–74.
[104]
Siegmann A, Bottke D, Faehndrich J, et al. Salvage radiotherapy after prostatectomy—what is the best time to treat? Radiother Oncol 2012;103:239–43.
[105]
Ohri N, Dicker AP, Trabulsi EJ, Showalter TN. Can early implementation of salvage radiotherapy for prostate cancer improve the therapeutic ratio?. A systematic review and regressionE U R O P E A N U R O L O G Y 7 2 ( 2 0 1 7 ) 6 8 9 – 7 0 9
708